استخدام تقنيات الاستشعار عن بعد في الكشف عن تغيرات مجرى نهر الفرات القديم وتأثيرها على نمط الاستيطان في منطقة أور
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Date
2021-07-03
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Abstract
River changes are a geomorphological phenomenon that characterizes
rivers in the river plains, as the stream moves from one place to
another new place as a result of several geomorphological processes,
and this affects the settlement pattern and the nature of human
activity. The changes in the stream of the Euphrates River from one
place to another have affected changes in settlement sites in the
regions of Ur, Eridu, Ksika and others, this study aims to identify the
ancient river streams of the Euphrates River, determine their ages,
identify the factors and processes that led to the changes in these
streams, as well as identify the impact of these changes on the nature
of human activity. Where in this study reliance was placed on the
analysis of satellite visuals to track and identify the ancient streams of
the Euphrates River by relying on the (landsatoli) satellite visuals as
well as on the (Quick Bird) satellite visuals, in addition to the field
study in which cross-sections were made along the ancient Euphrates,
and samples of soil and fossils were taken for the purpose of
laboratory analysis in a laboratory (---) in the United States of America,
in this study, the chronological age of the ancient Euphrates River,
which was passing through the city of Ur, was determined, and it turns
out that it dates back to 400 BC, as well as determining the
chronological age of the Euphrates River, which used to pass through
the city of Eridu, based on determining the stream of the Euphrates
River at the city of Ur, the sedimentary and tectonic processes had a
great impact on changing the river streams of the Euphrates River,
which produced many ground forms that in turn directed human
activity in the study area, where the sites of the concave banks were
convenient places for human colonies, such as the city of Eredo located
on the left bank of the Euphrates, the river also affected the nature of
economic activity, especially in the field of fishing and the growth of
the marsh environment, as the river formed a group of marshes, which
were formed by the Euphrates delta. The natural channels also
contributed to the formation of meanderings through which the
Euphrates River passes, in the formation of the first irrigation channels,
which was known to mankind in Mesopotamia and later developed
into artificial channels through human intervention.