Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of some Ertract of cymomorium coccineumL
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2021-07-08
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Abstract
Cynomorium coccineum L. is an unusual parasitic plant in the family
Cynomoriaceae characterized by their unusual appearance and way of
life. Due to their special habit and extremely rare occurrence, various
magical properties have been attributed to these plants in the past. In the
beginning, the alcoholic extract (ethanol 70%), alcoholic extract (ethanol
50%), alcoholic extract (methanol 70%), alcoholic extract (methanol
50%) , Aqueous extract, polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids were
extracted from the plant using an Ultrasonic device, the extraction ratio
was (10.211 %, 16.521%, 18.035 %, 12.208 %, 15.531 %, 8.6 %, 6.4%,
1.2 %) respectively.The results of preliminary phytochemical screening
of plant extracts showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, steroids,
and carbohydrates in all extracts. It was found that alkaloids are present
in the methanolic extract only, but the amino acids are present in the
aqueous extract and are not present in the rest of the four extracts.
Through the results obtained from the phytochemical study, we note that
the Cynomorium coccineum L. is rich in active substances, and this is
expected because previous studies found many active compounds present
in the form of chemical hosts in the Cynomorium coccineum L. plant such
as carbohydrates, glycosides, phenol, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenoids,
and tannins. Evaluation of antioxidant activity by inhibiting the (1,1-
diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, reducing power
and Ferric ion reducing, it study results showed that all extracts have
antioxidant activity by (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical
scavenging with different concentrations, showed the superiority of the
flavonoid at a concentration of (100mg/ml) with a (90.68%) inhibition
ratio, polyphenol isolated (88.39%) at a concentration of (100 mg/ml),
tannin isolated (85.63%) at a concentration of (100 mg/ml), and alcoholic
extract (ethanol 70%) (83.98%) at a concentration of (100 mg/ml)
Compared to ascorbic acid, which recorded (82.14%) at a concentration
of (100 mg/ml). Whereas, the alcoholic extract (ethanol 70%) recorded
the lowest inhibition rate at a concentration of (20 mg/ml). Also, results
showed that all extracts have Reducing power activities than the control,
where polyphenol has the highest activity (80.11%) at concentration 100
mg/ml. And the anti-fungal activity of each of the alcoholic extract,
polyphenol, tannin, and flavonoid was tested against five types of fungi,
namely (C.Tropicals, C.Albicans, C. Cruze, C.Glabrata, Rhodotorella)
by using the good disk diffusion method. The extracts showed a clear
inhibition effect against fungal at (25, 50, 75, and 100)mg/ml
concentrations.
Through the results, we note an increase in the inhibition zone of the five
fungi by increasing the concentration of the extract, to increase the active
substance affecting the increase in concentration. The numbers also
indicate that the extracts have a clear activity against Rhodotorella
because it is considered less effective than vetch. In most cases, the
variation in inhibition rates is the nature of the fungus's composition.
Because of differences in the structure and thickness of cell membranes,
the number of fungal cells, and the rate of growth of different fungi. Cells
with thick walls are more immune to the influence of active compounds
in extracts since these compounds are unable to enter the cells to harm
them.
The activity of these groups was evaluated against Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that the four isolated groups
have a significant difference at p ≤ 0.05 between Cynomorium coccineum
L. extract concentration and control for (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa