Determintion the candida Spp. genotype associated with staphylococcus Spp. isolated from nasal mucosa
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2021-12-15
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Abstract
Nasal infections are significant diseases that are caused by opportunistic pathogens (such as ; Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species). This study was aimed to determine the Candida genotypes that pose co-infection with S. aureus in nasal infections. A total of 88 nasal swab samples were collected during the period from December 2020 and March 2021 , from patients suffered from nasal infections. The patients were in various ages (1-80) years. All samples were cultured immediately after being sent to the laboratory on Blood agar , MacConkey agar, mannitol agar and Sabouraud agar. Bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical tests , API-20 and automated Method (VITEK 2 Compact) . Candida isolates were identified by chromogenic agar , and germ tube test , and the molecular detection assay using ITS 1 , 4 primers.
Staphylococcus species was positive in 21 samples , while Candida species was positive in 20 samples from the total samples (88 samples). The results showed that the percentage of S. aureus was the most prevalent with 8 isolate (38.10%) , followed by S. warneri with 5 isolate (23.81%) , S. lugdunensis with 3 isolate (14.29%). The lowest isolated species were S. xylosus , S. equorum , S. capitis ,S. hymolyticus and S. saprophyticus. All of them were isolated with 1 isolate (4.76%).
The results of Candida identification that had been obtained from blast tools in NCBI (GenBank) have shown that 5 isolate (25%) of C. parapsilosis, 5 isolate (25%) of C. zeylanoides, 4 isolate (20%) of C. orthopsilosis , 2 isolate (10%) of C. albicans and the lowest percentage is C. glabrata , Clavispora lusitaniae , Debaryomyces hansenii and Filobasidium oeirense in the rate 1 isolate (5%).
The evolutionary relationships of Candida isolates were shown as UPGMA phylogenetic tree. The genotyping of Candida species was done using ITS gene (ITS1- ITS4). There were specific genotypes associated with S. aureus in nasal infections.
The relationship between S. aureus and yeast species was studied through the presence of S. aureus and yeast species in the same sample. Candida parapsilosis , Candida orthopsilosis and Filobasidium oeirense were detected (50%) with S. aureus in same sample.