موقف الاتحاد السوفيتي من القضية الكردية في العراق 1965 - 1975
| dc.contributor.author | بهاء داخل هاشم حسن | |
| dc.contributor.editor | أ.د مؤيد شاكر كاظم | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-01-16T06:13:22Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-01-16T06:13:22Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021-10-19 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The Soviet Union is the second influential global power after the United States of America in the Middle East region, which was an arena for conflict between the two poles (the American and the Soviet), especially after World War II, and until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the Soviet policy towards the Kurds was not the only subject of regional concern. Rather, it entered the framework of the global struggle for control of the world between the eastern and western powers, and that the Soviet exploitation of the Kurdish issue is an evidence that minorities around the world are the focus of attention of the strategy pursued by the Kremlin leaders. The period between 1961 (the September 11 movement) and 1975 (the collapse of the Kurdish question) made it a timeframe for this study, because this period is considered a stand-alone phase, which witnessed the rise of the September 11, 1961 movement, which was an armed Kurdish movement different from the previous Kurdish movements. National feeling after the character of the previous Kurdish movements was only a tribal one, as many Kurds in different social classes participated in this movement, and the Kurdish issue emerged on a global level and presented at the United Nations, and it became the focus of attention of the major countries and the regional countries felt that they pose a real threat to their existence. This study consists of an introduction and three chapters, in addition to this introduction that explains the importance of the thesis material and a conclusion that contained a summary of the most important conclusions reached. The introduction entitled (The beginnings of history of the Soviet position on the Kurdish issue in Iraq) was an introduction to the topic, and dealt in a central way with the position of the Soviet Union from Sheikh Mahmoud Barzanji’s declaration of the kingdom of southern Kurdistan until the collapse of the Maha Bad Republic in 1946, and Barzani and his comrades ’resort to the Soviet Union. The first chapter is entitled (The Soviet Union’s Position on the Kurdish Issue in Iraq September 11, 1961 to July 17-30, 1968). It was devoted to studying the Soviet position on the Kurdish issue and in it we reviewed the September 11 movement in 1961 and its implications on the Soviet position on the Kurdish issue, and a coup February 8, 1963, the role of the Soviet Union in supporting the Kurdish cause until 1966, and the Soviet Union’s position on the policy of Abd al-Rahman Aref’s government toward the Kurds until 1968. While chapter two shed light on (political changes in Iraq and their impact on the Soviet position on the Kurdish issue 17-30 July 1968-1973) on studying the Soviet position on the Kurdish issue, considering the nature of the Soviet position on the Kurdish issue in Iraq since 1968 through The coup of July 17-30, 1968 and its repercussions on the Soviet position on the Kurdish issue in Iraq, the statement of March 11 1970 and the role of the Soviet Union in it, the attempts to assassinate Barzani and the position of the Soviet Union towards it, and the Iraqi-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation of April 9, 1972 and its impact on the Soviet position on the Kurdish issue, Which represented a great and dangerous turn in the Soviet position towards the Kurds. The third chapter focused on (the position of the Soviet Union on the development of the Kurdish issue in Iraq from 1973 to 1975), in which we focused on the formation of the National Progressive National Front in 1973 and the position of the Soviet Union towards it, which had a great impact on the Soviet position on the Kurdish issue. The refusal of the Kurds to join it and the rejection of the Soviet mediation further worsened the Soviet position towards the Kurds and the Soviet position on the renewed conflict between the Iraqi government and the Kurds in 1974, the Algiers Agreement of 1975 and its reflection on the Soviet position on the Kurdish issue, which in its impact collapsed the Kurdish movement in Iraq. By tracking the Soviet position on the Kurdish issue in Iraq from 1961 to 1975, the study reached a number of conclusions, the :most prominent of which are The Soviet Union did not have a firm position on the Kurdish issue, as they supported the establishment of the Republic of Maha Bad in 1946 in Iran, but soon abandoned it to be eliminated by Shah Reza Pahlavi, and they also supported the Kurds after the July 14, 1958 revolution, through their influence on Abd al-Karim Qasim, To return the Kurdish refugees in the Soviet Union to Iraq, so that they would then support the government of Abdul Karim Qasim, and they became the striking hand of the Iraqi government, as Barzani played a major role in eliminating the Shawaf movement in 1959, and after the relationship between Abdul Karim Qasim and Barzani worsened, .Barzani did not receive support The Soviet that he was expecting. The Soviet Union supported the Kurdish issue and brought it to the world public opinion by presenting it to the United Nations in 1963, after the Mongolian Republic incited to do so, and the threats of Iran, Turkey, and Syria, to prevent them from interfering in the Kurdish issue in Iraq, as well as the campaigns The media led by the Soviet newspapers, all this gave a moral impulse to the Kurds to .continue their demands politically and militarily When the relationship of the Baghdad government with the Soviet Union was good, the Soviet Union would play the role of mediator between the government of Baghdad and the Kurds, and all that put the Soviets in front of two options was either to improve the relationship with Baghdad or support the Kurds, they preferred the relationship with Baghdad over the Kurds, and everything that brought the Soviets closer to the Iraqi ,government Everything I get away from the Kurds and vice versa The Soviets never supported the Kurds of Iraq for the establishment of an independent Kurdish state for them, and this is due to several reasons, the most important of which is that the establishment of an independent Kurdish state will not be allowed by the neighboring countries of Iraq in which the Kurdish component is present (Turkey, Iran, and Syria), and Iraqi Kurdistan does not have a naval outlet. This makes it isolated from the outside world that it will not be able to overcome, and this is the biggest obstacle standing in front of the aspirations of the Kurds to establish a Kurdish state, not to mention that all the countries of the world | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://dspace.utq.edu.iq/handle/123456789/516 | |
| dc.title | موقف الاتحاد السوفيتي من القضية الكردية في العراق 1965 - 1975 | |
| dc.type | text::thesis::master thesis | |
| oairecerif.author.affiliation | كلية الاداب / ماجستير تاريخ | |
| oairecerif.editor.affiliation | جامعة ذي قار / كلية الاداب / قسم التاريخ |