One of the most significant uses of computer vision is the self-driving vehicle. In recent years, a large amount of research has been submitted in this area, where the concept of self-driving cars has moved from the unlikely to the probable and imminent, in order to improve the technology and repeated need by global companies. Due to a large number of road death result around the world as a result of car collisions. There are many reasons for such a bad situation that leads to death or disability. This may involve a driver's complete loss of concentration, driver error, or a loss of stability.These dangerous situations will be avoided if all cars use a communications protocol, In addition drivers monitor the vehicles based on their location to prevent collisions. A simple warning in advance can help reduce the number and frequency of crashes. The aim of is thesis is limiting the impact of collisions in our everyday lives and to reduce automobile collisions. The second aim is making the self-driving car able to make decisions without the need for human interference. to achieve these aims, it has been implemented to be consists of two parts: software and hardware. A robot with a camera and a Raspberry Pi microcontroller system making up the hardware. The component of the software is the Yolo artificial intelligence algorithm in real-time, which detects objects on the way, and in this work, we chose the

Based on models of rate equations of passive Q- switching which were prepared in previous studies and containing three or four equations. In this study, a proposal was made to formulate a model of coupled rate equations with six first-order differential equations to simulate the passive Q-switching technique in laser systems whose effective mediums are characterized by a range of spectral lines. That constitute more than a system of energy levels for those spectral lines as is the case of rare- earth element neodymium which doped YAG crystal (Nd +3: YAG). This model was tested in the utilization of neodymium ions spectral lines 4F3/2, 4I11/2 , 4I9/2, which constitute a four-levels energy system and the semi three-levels energy system for a single active medium with the crystal Cr+4: YAG as a saturable absorber material, using Rung-Kutta-Fahlberg numerical method in a software computer program prepared in this study. The results obtained showed a good agreement with concerning to the behavior and construction of both pulse photons, the behavior of population inversion density of active medium ions, and the temporal variation of saturable absorber energy level population with theoretical bases of passive Q-switching method, and the single pulse behavior generated by the use of previous equations models. This enhances the reliability of the physical basis and mathematical formula of the equations model. The effect of important essential parameters on the construction, generation, and characteristics of dual pulses generated has been studied. The results showed that the increasing of ions density of SA leads to an increase in the energy of the dual passive q-switching laser pulses, while the duration decrease as a function of ions density of the SA, which provides a high-power laser pulses. The results showed that the gradual buildup of both pulses and the pulses reached to maximum photons density in later time when the value of lam increase, The results also showed an increase in pulse duration and decrease in each other's energy and power while increasing the effective medium length. An increase in the length of the SA leads to the construction and release of pulses in advanced (earlier) time, decreased in their duration, and increased energy and the power of both pulses. The results showed the construction and release the pulses in late times as the value of output coupler mirror reflectivity increased, and the results showed the increase of energy and the power values of both pulses . The instantaneous temporal behavior of the absorption activity shown by the saturable absorber material toward the photons of both passive Q-switching pulses as a function of the ion's number density was studied. The results showed that the steady state of absorption activity or loss in the photons of both pulses within the cavity, and the state of optical bleaching which represents the conversion of absorbent material to transparent status in relation to its absorption of photons are occur at an advanced time with the increasing of ions number density of saturable absorber material ions.

The major objective of this study is systematically to investigate various electronic properties of the 1-D nanomaterials (SWZCNTs, SWZBNNTs, SWZZnONTs, and SWCMoS2NTs), which are used as a carrier to altered anticancer drugs (5-FU, CH, CY, HY, and OX). All of our investigations are based on first principle Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. After calculating the electronic properties of these anticancer drugs, all these anticancer drugs have insulation behaviors, but CY has a semiconductor behavior. Furthermore, these anticancer drugs had a greater interaction with other structures because of their lower and higher value of the chemical potential. First of all, the ((6,0), (7,0), and (11,0)) SWZCNTS and SWZBNNTs utilized as a career to (CH, CY, and 5-FU) anticancer drugs. The complexes structures have electronic band gap less than the pristine of these tubes. By adsorbing the same anticancer drug on the SWZCNTS and SWZBNNTs, It was found that the anticancer drug/SWZBNNTs have interesting results compared with SWZCNTS. Moreover, the anticancer drug/SWZBNNTs is more stable compared with anticancer drug/SWZCNTS. The adsorption energy is increasing by increasing the diameter of the tube, which is utilized to deliver these anticancer drugs, except the 5- FU/(7,0)SWZBNNTs has an opposite behavior. Then, it was recognized that the (11,0) SWZBNNTs are the best substrate to deliver the CH anticancer drug, due to it has a higher value of the adsorption energy 𝐸𝑎𝑑𝑠 compared to others. In brief, we detected that the SWZBNNTs is the best substrate to deliver these anticancer drugs compared with SWZCNTs. Various diameters of the (𝑛,0) SWZZnONTs and (n,m) SWAZnONTs (where n=m ; from 8 to 12) are used to deliver HY anticancer, which is located in inner and outer of these tubes. For inner locations, the HY/(12,0) SWZZnONTs has a higher stability compared with others HY/SWZZnONTs tubes and still has asemiconductor behavior. That means this anticancer drug became more stable when sited it on the higher diameter of the tube. So, this result confirmed by using the SWAZnONTs. Moreover, it was detected that all complex structures in the inner sites are required a smaller excitation energy to transfer electrons because of the chemical hardness of the HY/(SWZZnONTs or SWAZnONTs) is increased. For outer sites, it was found that the opposite behavior, excepted the HY/(12,0) SWZZnONTs and HY/(10,10) SWAZnONTs have the reverse behavior. The HY anticancer drug has a weak interaction with ZSWZnONTs and SWAZnONTs because of there is the lower value of the electrophilic index, but the HY/(10,0) SWZZnONTs and HY/(11,11) SWAZnONTs have a higher value of the electrophilic index, which led to make a good interaction between them. Then, the (12,0) and (12,12) are the best substrate to carrier the HY. Another interesting work is examined by utilizing (3,2) and (4,2) SWCMoS2NTs to deliver OX anticancer drug with and without various impurities and sites in different distance between them. The complex structure (OX/(3,2)SWCMoS2NTs) has a semimetal behavior with a direct transition of electrons at Γ point. There are very interesting results by changing the S atom by P or Ga impurities. So, the (OX/p-doped (3,2) SWCMoS2NTs) structure has a n-type semiconductor behavior when the distance between OX anticancer drug and p-doped (3,2)SWCMoS2NTs is 1.76 Å compared with other distances. By utilizing Ga impurity, the best results are detected at 1.42 Å and the behavior is became p-type behavior and more stable compared to others. For (OX/(4,2)SWCMoS2NTs) has metal behavior. By using P impurity at different distance, the behavior is changed from metal to semi-metal with direct transition at Z point. The behavior of this complex structure is became n-type semiconductor at 1.76 Å.. The stability of all complex structures with Ga impurity is more stable compared with P impurity. In brief, the best substrate of the (3,2) and (4,2) SWCMoS2NTs can be utilized to career OX anticancer drug when we used Ga impurity compared with P impurity.

Summary The current study aimed to know and evaluate the role of TNF-α and the role of (Interleukin-17) in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as well as verification of rs2275913 SNP of IL-17A gene in cardiovascular diseases. The study included 100 samples that were divided into 50 patients with cardiovascular diseases attending the heart center in Dhi Qar Governorate those lying in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU)Inside the center and those lying in its halls, and 50 healthy individuals who did not suffer from cardiovascular disease as a control group, blood samples. The patient's group and the healthy group used to use medical syringes disposable at a rate of 5 ml from each person, this was done during the period extending from 12/1/2022 to 4/1/2023, for both sexes and different ages. A questionnaire form was filled out to collect the necessary information from both groups of patients and healthy people, and the samples were stored in laboratory tubes appropriate for each examination. Where a complete blood count (CBC) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), PCR test, and competency phagocytosis Activity. The results of the current study showed that the largest percentage of patients was in the oldest age group in the study (≥ 60) the percentage was (60%), while the lowest percentage was in the youngest age group in the study (30-39) where the percentage was (6%). The study results showed that women are more susceptible to infection than men, as the percentages were (52%, and 48%), respectively. The percentage of smokers among patients was higher when compared to the percentage of smokers in the healthy group, where the percentages compared were (40%, and 20%), respectively. With a significant difference(P≤0.05), The current study showed that the percentage of patients who live in the city is higher than the percentage of patients who live in the countryside (70%, and 30%), respectively, and that the percentage of patients who have a family history of the disease is lower than the percentage of patients who do not have a family history (24%, 76%). %) respectively. As for the percentage of patients who were overweight, their percentage was (38%), and those who had first-degree obesity were (20%), while those who had a normal weight were (42%). In contrast, the percentage of patients suffering from Hypertension was higher than the percentage. Patients who did not have high blood pressure (60%, 40%), respectively, and the percentage of patients with type 2 diabetes was lower than those who did not (36%, 64%), respectively. The percentage of phagocytosis activity in patients is lower when compared to healthy people, where the percentages were (36.44±41.00,38.56±29.70) respectively. The results of blood parameters showed that there were no significant differences between the total number of white blood cells and the total number of red blood cells, as well as the percentage of hemoglobin, and the values of the results were close to the comparison with the healthy group, and a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes and an increase in the percentage of neutrophils compared to the healthy group. The results of the current study showed similar results for the level of TNF-α in the serum of patients and healthy people, as the results were (8.120±4.16, 8.118±3.62), respectively.

Summary The present study was carried out in Labs of the Marsh Research Center, Genetic Disease Center, and Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital from April 2022 to February 2023,aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphism of the Haptoglobin (Hp) gene in patients with sickle cell anemia, hepatitis C, and sickle cell anemia with hepatitis C. a total of 130 participants were classified, (40) patients with sickle cell anemia, (40) patients with hepatitis C, (10) sickle cell patients with hepatitis C, and (40) control group. DNA was isolated and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) performed using genotype-specific primers for the three regions of the haptoglobin gene,and genotypes were determined after electrophoresis on agarose gels and determining the amplified fraction of each allele. After obtaining the sequencing results of the haptoglobin gene and for the studied samples and for the three plots Hp2, Hp 1S and Hp 1F, Sequences for all three segments were registered in the NCBI Genome Bank for the first time locally and some were given independent accession numbers, and it will be considered a database for any future researcher working on the Hp genotypes in Iraq. Using the SPSS program, the expected percentages for the three haptoglobin (HP) genotypes were calculated for, sickle cell patients, hepatitis C patients, patients with both sickle cell and hepatitis C and healthy controls, respectively:in Sickle cell Patient Hp1-1(0.13),Hp2-2(0.55),Hp2-1(0.32),Hepatitis C Patient Hp1-1(0.13),Hp2-2(0.63),Hp2-1(0.24), Sickle cell with Hepatitis C Patient Hp1-1(0.20),2(0.60),Hp2-1(0.20),and Control group Hp1-1 (0.30), Hp2-2 (0.50), Hp2-1 (0.20). Statistical analysis revealed no distinguishing features between patients and Control group in the distribution patterns, and the Hp2-2 phenotype was the most prevalent among all groups. The statistical analysis also indicated that the Hp2-2 genotype has a high incidence of sickle cell anemia (55%), in hepatitis C (63%) and sickle cell anemia with hepatitis C patients (60%) compared with other Hp genotype whoever. The results of the current study suggest a link between specific haptoglobin (Hp) genotypes and disease susceptibility. Whereas the T and TT genotype of Hp-2 643 T>A appeared to be more common in both sickle cell anemia and hepatitis C, the GG genotype of Hp-1S (442G˃C, 561 G˃C)was most common in all study groups. As for the Hp-1F 867 G˃ A gene, the G and GG genotypes were more prominent in sickle cell diseases and hepatitis C, which indicates that these genotypes may confer susceptibility to these diseases in Iraqi families. IL8 concentration was increased in all patient groups compared to the control group.According to the haptoglobin genotype the Hp2-2 showed a higher concentration of IL8 in all patient groups. addition, all patient groups showed lower concentrations of Haptoglobin serum in comparison to the control group, According to the types of haptoglobin, in hepatitis C patients, the Hp1-1 genotype had a significantly lower concentration of haptoglobin in theserum comparedto the Hp2-1 and Hp2-2 genotypes, while there were no statistically significant differences between all types of haptoglobin in the control group and other patient groups. The concentration of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase were increased in all patient groups compared to the control group, and According to the types of haptoglobin the Hp2-2 genotype showed higher alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase concentration in all patient groups compared with Hp1-1 and Hp2-1, while no significant change in the aspartate aminotransferase level in any type of haptoglobin in all groups . An analysis of essential trace minerals, the findings suggest that patients in the current study have high levels of Iron and Copper, and Low levels of Zinc, compared to the control group, while serum Chromium concentration does not differ significantly between the two groups. The current results did not show a statistically significant relationship between haptoglobin polymorphisms and levels of Iron, Copper, and Chromium in all participating groups, while the concentration of Zinc differed between haptoglobin types.

الخــــــــلاصــــــة أجريت الدراسة الحالية في محافظة ذي قار (مستشفى بنت الهدى ومختبر كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة ومركز الأبحاث والأهوار لجامعة ذي قار للفترة من شباط 2023 الى آب 2023، جمعت (150 عينة دم ) من النساء الحوامل والمجهضات، المجموعة الاولى (النساء الحوامل) تكونت من 50 امرأة والمجموعة الثانية (النساء المجهضات) تكونت من 100 امرأة تتراوح أعمارهم بين (17 - 46 سنة)، تم تقسيم المرضى والاصحاء إلى ثلاث مجاميع حسب الفئات العمرية، المجموعة الأولى تراوحت أعمارهم بين 17 - 26 سنة، والمجموعة الثانية تتراوح أعمارهم بين 27– 36 سنة، والمجموعة الثالثة تتراوح أعمارهم بين 37 – 46 سنة. هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى دراسة بعض التأثيرات المناعية لأضداد الدهون المفسفره ومستويات TGFβ1 في مصل الدم والاجهاض المتكرر باستخدام تقنية الامتصاص المناعي المرتبط بالانزيم (ELISA)، وقياس بعض المعايير الدموية. علاوة على ذلك، دراسة العلاقة بين الارتباط الاليلي لتعدد الطرز الوراثية لجين VEGF وTGFβ1 والإجهاض المتكرر باستخدام تقنية تسلسل DNA. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة فرق معنوي عالي في مستويات السيتوكينات (TGFβ1) واضداد الدهون المفسفره/IgM, IgG لدى النساء المجهضات مقارنة بالمجموعة الاصحاء وفرق معنوي منخفض في مستوى (TGFβ1) في النساء المجهضات اللواتي لديهم تاريخ عائلي ولكن ليس لديهم امراض أخرى، عند المقارنة بين اللواتي ليس لديهم تاريخ عائلي و لديهم امراض اخرى، في حين كان هناك زيادة في مستوى كل من IgM وIgG وبشكل ملحوظ في النساء المجهضات اللواتي لديهم تاريخ عائلي وليس لديهم أمراض أخرى عند قيمة . p<0.05 اما المعايير الدموية فقد بينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية عدم وجود فروق معنوية في معدل قيم الهيموجلوبين (Hb) وخلايا الدم المكدسة (PCV) في النساء المجهضات، مقارنة مع مجموعة الاصحاء ، في حين ارتفعت عدد كريات الدم البيضاء والكريات الأحادية و الخلايا الليمفاوية والصفيحات الدموية في النساء المجهضات مقارنة مع مجموعة الاصحاء. بينت النتائج وجود الطفرات في 45 عينة من 100 عينة من النساء المجهضات بعد استخدام تحليل التسلسل وبينت نتائج التحليل الإحصائي عدم وجود علاقة بين حدوث الإجهاض عند النساء وظهور الطفرة (G 182C) لجين VEGF بالمقارنة مع الاصحاء في بعض سكان محافظة ذي قار. بينت النتائج وجود طفرة في 43 عينة من 100 عينة من النساء المجهضات بعد استخدام التحليل التسلسل وأظهرت نتائج التحليل الإحصائي وجود ارتباط بين النساء المجهضات وظهور طفرة (C488T) لجين TGFβ1 عند المقارنة مع الاصحاء في بعض سكان محافظة ذي قار. في الاستنتاج، كانت النساء اللواتي تعرضوا للاجهاض المتكرر لديهن عدد أعلى من PLT وإجمالي عدد خلايا الدم البيضاء مقارنة بالأصحاء، وكانت فصيلة الدم B هي الأكثر شيوعًا بين النساء اللواتي تعرضوا للاجهاض المتكرر. يشير ارتفاع معيار الأجسام المضادة للفوسفوليبيد و TGFβ1 إلى دورهم في حدوث الإجهاض المتكرر. نستنتج من الارتباط الإيجابي بين TGF-β وكل من الأجسام المضادة (IgM وIgG APL) إلى أن مستويات TGF-β1 لدى النساء اللواتي تعرضوا للإجهاض ترتبط ارتباطا وثيقا مع مستويات APLA أثناء الحمل وقد يكون لها دور مؤثر في نتائج الحمل. لم يكون في تعدد الأشكال الوراثية للجين VEGF أي تأثير على حالات الاجهاض المتكرر في نساء ذي قار، في حين كانت هناك علاقة بين تعدد الاشكال الوراثية للجين TGFβ1 وحدوث حالات الاجهاض المتكرر.

Urolithiasis is a condition in which hard deposits of minerals and salts build inside the urinary system and can affect people of all ages all over the world. There are many factors related to this disorder including, age, gender, geographical area, environment and the life style. Stones in the urinary system are now considered one of the most serious issues that people face. There are few and limited number of studies related to urinary stones and bacterial isolates in Iraq , therefor this study aimed to isolate and identify bacterial isolates from these stones, as well as to assess antibiotic susceptibility, bacterial virulence factors, and urinary stone chemical analyses. After surgery, stones were collected from 50 patients from different parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder. From October 2020 to April 2021, these samples were obtained from the urology units of Al-Hussein and Al-Habobi teaching hospitals as well as AL-Rahman private hospital in Al-Nasiriya city/Iraq. The age of patients ranges from 11 to 99 years old. The stones are crushed in a mortar and split into two parts: one for bacteriological study and the other for chemical study. The stone samples are inoculated on Nutrient broth and grown on blood and MacConky agar as part of the bacteriological investigation. This research includes isolating bacteria on traditional manual culture medium, which is done using old-school clinical microbiology lab culture procedures that are still considered the most essential method for identifying most bacteria. The 76% of collected stones are from men while women account 24% of these stones. This result found that 67% of stone samples have bacterial isolates, whereas, the rest does not have bacterial isolates. The majority of total bacterial isolates which is related to urinary tract stones was Gram positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus caprae (21.4), Micrococcus spp (21.4), Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.3), Staphylococcus xylosus (14.3), Staphylococcus aureus (7.14), Staphylococcus warneri (7.14), Staphylococcus capitis(7.14) and Staphylococcus auricularis (7.14). In addition, this study illustrates Gram negative bacteria from stones such as Ochrobactrum anthropi (10%) , E. coli 45%, Burkholderia cepecia (5%), Elizabethkingia meningosepticum (20%), Klebsiella pneumonia (5%), Pantoea septic (5%) , Chromobacterium violecium (5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibiotics used are Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin,Vancomycin,Amikacin,Imipenem,Gentamicin, and Ceftriaxone. Detection and identification of bacterial isolates is based on each of biochemical tests, using API 20 test, measurement of sensitivity test of bacteria using susceptibility test to detect the therapy that target the specific pathogenic bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus xylosus were found to be sensitive to all antibiotics such as Imipenem, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Vancomycin, Gentamicin, and Ciprofloxacin 75 %, and resistant to Amikacin and Ceftriaxone 25 %. Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus aureus were also shown to be completely resistant to all antibiotics. The Micrococcus is susceptible to 75 % of antibiotics, including imipenem, amoxicillin, amikacin, vancomycin, gentamicin, and Ciprofloxacin, and resistant to 25 % of antibiotics, including amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and Ceftriaxone. Staphylococcus auricularis is responsive to Imipenem and Amoxicillin in 37.5 % of cases, but resistant to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic, Amikacin, Vancomycin, Gentamicin, and Ceftriaxone in 62.5 % of cases. Gram-negative bacteria, such as Burkholderia cepecia, are completely resistant to all antibiotics, but Pantoea septic has a 100% susceptibility to all antibiotics. E.coli , Chromobacterium violecium and Pseudomonas.auruginosa was 25 % sensitive to Imipenem and Ciprofloxacin and 75 % resist to the other antibiotic . Ochrobacterium anthropi has a 25% resistance to Imipenem and Ceftriaxone and a 75% resistance to the other antibiotic; Chrysebacterium meningosepticum and Klebsiella pneumonia have a 12.5 % resistance to Imipenem and an 87.5 % resistance to the other antibiotic. These bacterial isolates are detected by using conventional PCR technique current rapid methods for detecting microbial pathogens in clinical specimens. Virulence genes for Staphylococcus caprae are also considered by Atlc which the result was negative, while virulence genes for E. coli diagnosis are also considered by Fim , the result was positive . Finally, Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence genes PAL1 and PAL2 were identified, as well as PS1 and PS2 for Pseudomonas fluorescens which the result was positive. The second part of the stones was investigated by using infrared spectroscopy examining the component of the stones. The findings revealed that uric acid prevalence increased by 76% and calcium oxalate prevalence increased by 24%, respectively.

ABSTRACT Weak soils, such as loose sand, have high compressibility and low shear strength. Construction on weak soils often requires utilization of ground improvement techniques. However, cement and lime, which are the most common used binder, are the major contributor of CO2 and have sever impacts on the environment. Recently, the construction industry immense pressure to come up with materials and processes that are ecofriendlyand promote sustainable development. Therefore, this research deals with improving the performance of the weak soil in term of increasing it strength using sustainable materials. Two approaches have been employed in this study. The first one dealt with investigating the performance of soil improved by (cement kiln dust, calcined clay, and alkali activator) considering various percentages of Alkali material and activator ratios. While the other approach investigated the using of such sustainable materials as a binder to improve the bearing capacity of the soil by the deep mixed columns, experimentally and numerically.The first approach showed increasing the unconfined compressionstrength of the soil with increasing the Alkali material, cement kiln dust,for all the activator ratios. Cement kiln dust-soil Alkali of 0.4 MPa compared with 0.0167MPa of the untreated soil. Incorporating the calcined clay, which is an alumina-silicate enriched material, consequence of pronounce improvement, where the strength increased drastically to about 3.57MPa when calcined clay/Alkali material= 0.5. Regarding the activator ratio, the optimum ratio necessary to activate the inert cement kiln dust and calcined clay is 0.5, beyond that there is a slow increase or decrease in the strength, depending on the Alkali material content.In the second approach, tests performed using pilot field models, the diameter of column = 15cm and its height = 150cm, revealed clearenhancing of the performance of footing resting on soil reinforced by deep sustainable mixed columns. Compared with bearing capacity ofunreinforced soil of 88 kPa, the bearing capacity of square footing (B = 75cm) increased by 50, 126, 223, 243, 338, 324, 328, 365, and 385%corresponding to reinforcing the soil with 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 20 deep soil mixing columns, respectively. However, when the load was applied on the column only and not the surrounding soil, the bearingcapacity was 16 times that of the untreated soil. The results of this approach were verified numerically using PLAXIS 3D software.

This research aims to experimentally investigate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with hybrid fiber. For this purpose seven mixes were studied, one control mix without fibers and six hybrid fiber mixes were prepared consisting of different ratios of steel fibers and polypropylene fibers. Steel fiber crimped was an aspect ratio 50 and volume fractions of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% , while the polypropylene fiber used had an aspect ratio 375 and volume fractions of 0.15% and 0.3%. Superplasticizer was added in a ratio of 1.5% and the ratio of water to cement was constant in all concrete mixtures and equal to 0.47. In the present study, cubes (150 x 150 x 150)mm were casted for compressive strength test and cylinders (150 x 300)mm to obtain the compressive stress-strain diagrams for each mix. Fourteen reinforced concrete beams with dimensions of (120 x 200 x 1200) mm were casted. All beams were tested under three point loading, seven beams under the static load and the other seven under the repeated load . The load-deflection curves characteristic, ultimate load, and cracking behavior were observed and studied. Additionally, the effect of hybrid fibers on concrete properties has been investigated, and failure patterns in specimens were recorded and discussed intensively. The experimental results indicated that the increase in the hybrid fiber content led to decrease of the workability. All concrete mixtures showed improvement in compressive strength test results due to the effect of the hybrid fiber on the final resistance properties. As a result of the effect of the hybrid fiber, the number of cracks has increased and the distances between them were reduced. However, the cracking pattern caused by the repeated loading was more segmented and extensive than the static loading pattern. These results indicated an increase in the ductility of the concrete and thus improved the structural performance of the beams. The load-carrying capacity of beams was increased by adding the fibers. The highest improvement in compressive strength and ultimate load compared to the plain concrete was 27% and 14%, respectively. This was obtained from including 1% of steel fibers and 0.3% of polypropylene fibers in the concrete mix. Repeated loading has no significant influence on the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the tested beams, but deflections and propagation of cracks increased successively. In addition to that, the vast majority of cracks number were occurred during the first loading cycle. Evaluation of the load-deflection curves of hybrid fiber reinforced beams under static and repeated loads that fibers contribute significantly to maintaining the structural integrity and stability of the concrete. The analytical equations were used in this study indicated the Zhang et. al (2018) analytical model give closer prediction of the flexural strength of beams with hybrid fiber than ACI 544 model. In conclusion the combining of polypropylene and steel fibers improves the multiple properties of a concrete mixture, which can contribute of the prolonging the service life of the building

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with dialysis is a progressive condition characterized by structural and functional changes to the kidney. It is typically defined as a reduction in kidney function, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 ml/min/1.73m2, or markers of kidney damage, such as albuminuria, hematuria or abnormalities detected on imaging, present for at least 3 months. In the terminal phase of CKD, dialysis is the most widely used renal replacement therapy throughout the world, contributing to increased patient survival. The present study was designed to active the following aims: Investigate the diagnostic and prognostic role of ghrelin and leptin hormones relevant to CKD, investigation the role of pro nitric oxide in causation of CKD, evaluation of serum Lipids profile status during dialysis, investigation the genetic effect of ghrelin and leptin in the causation of CKD, the present study was started with (180) cases (patients and healthy): Controls group: Includes (90) subject in healthy male and female , ages (18-70) years, Patients group: Includes (90) subject with CKD with dialysis male and female , ages (18-70) years.Biochemical parameters, including nitric oxide, ghrelin, leptin, and lipid profile, were measured for females and males at ages ranging from (18-70) years, and the relationship of these parameters to hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dialysis durationThe results obtained in this study showed a significant decrease in the concentration of both ghrelin and nitric oxide and a significant increase in the concentration of leptin, and there was no noticeable significant change or a slight decrease in the lipid profile in the group of dialysis patients compared to the control group (P<0.05). The concentration of ghrelin and nitric oxide showed a significant decrease, and a significant increase in the concentration of leptin, and there was no noticeable significant change or a slight decrease in the lipid profile in the female and male groups, dialysis duration , old age , diabetes, hypertension and smokers, compared to the control groups (P <0.05). It is results also showed that there was a significant decrease in the concentration of both ghrelin and nitric oxide and a significant increase in the concentration of leptin, and there was no noticeable significant change or a slight decrease in the lipid profile in dialysis patients female compared to males, and in dialysis patients with diabetes and hypertention, smokers, and those with a duration of dialysis > 1 year compared with dialysis patients without diabetes, hypertension, non-smokers, and those with a duration of dialysis < 1 year (P<0.05), respectively. The results of GHRL 370.A>C Gene show genotypes AA(O.R. = 1.00 , C.I. 95% = Non-C.I), AC (O.R. = 0.72 , C.I. 95% = 0.72-1.91), CC (O.R. = 1.09 , C.I. 95% = 0.31-3.89) and allele C (O.R. = 0.99 , C.I. 95% = 0.51-1.93). The results shows the frequency of the genotypes AA, AC & CC for the GHRL gene for the group of patients and healthy controls and the frequency of the A & C alleles. The present study recorded the AA and CC genotypes increased non-significantly in control group, while the AC genotype increased non-significantly in dialysis patients than control group. The frequency of A and C alleles increased non-significantly in dialysis patients than control group, also recorded by odds. ratio a non-significant between patients and control at (p < 0.05).The genotype sequences of the GHRL gene were registered in the NCBI International GenBank. The results of Leptin 173.T>C Gene show genotypes TT(O.R. = 1.67 , C.I. 95% = 0.64-4.36), TC/CC (O.R. = 2.25 , C.I. 95% = 0.50-10.05) and allele C (O.R. = 1.23 , C.I. 95% = 0.64-2.36). We note from the result of the alignment between the amino acids resulting from the translation of the codes for the studied leptin gene sequence that the type of mutation occurring is due to changing the base T to C at the lep site. T173C is a missense mutation, The result of Leptin 173.T>C Gene showed that one SNP site was obtained at the lep site T>C.173. This mutation resulted in three genotypes: TT, TC & CC. The results of the translation of the studied region of the lep gene sequence confirmed that the mutation is of the missense mutation type , From the results of the current study, the following elements can be concluded: Diabetes or insulin resistance is a major feature of chronic kidney disease. Nitric oxide can be considered a biomarker for early prediction of chronic kidney disease and access to dialysis. Leptin and ghrelin levels are associated with dialysis because they are clearly associated with an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Oxidative stress is an important feature of the hemodialysis phase. Leptin levels are positively associated with dialysis while ghrelin, nitric oxide, and lipid profile levels are negatively associated with dialysis. The AA, AC and CC Genotypes and C allele of GHRL gene , also The TT, TC and CC Genotypes and C allele of Leptin gene more cocommon in the CKD with dialysis compared to the control group.

Establishing geotechnical maps for Nasiriyah is essential for the preliminary design of soil foundations for any structure, especially with the increase in investment projects. They permit fast access to the engineering properties of soil, define the problematic soil, suggest suitable methods of improvement, detect the water table, and propose the type of foundation. In addition, offering prior knowledge and correlations for the soil parameters that greatly aid in reliability analysis and design of the geotechnical structures. In this study, a robust database of soil properties in Nasiriyah was considered based on data collected from 423 boreholes from several projects in the governorate. The data was analyzed using a geostatistics analyzer, represented by two methods: the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and Kriging approaches. The results of the two methods were compared in terms of accuracy to create geotechnical maps by matching field results that were isolated for comparison and were not included in the calculations. The allowable bearing capacity qall of Nasiriyah soil was calculated according to the average results to computed by six methods, Terzaghi (1943), Skempton (1951), Hansen (1970), Vesic (1973), Meyerhof (1963), Eurocode7 (1996) and for three types of foundations (square, circular and strip). The correlations were made for different soil a property which helps in modern design. Relationships, graphs, maps, and equations were then linked to guide the geotechnical engineers when designing projects in Nasiriyah. On the other hand, the design characteristics of the strength variables of soil in Nasiriyah were determined, utilizing Eurocode 7 equations and Bayesian statistics. Various methods of determination for laboratory and field tests were expressed through probability distribution models and the reduction of spatial variance. The geotechnical maps, that were produced by applying Arc GIS (10.7.1) on an extensive database and based on two statistical methods: Kriging and IDW, demonstrated a good agreement with the results obtained using Python programs. The Kriging method yielded a 1% error rate, while the IDW method yielded a 7% error rate. With respect to the bearing capacity of soil, the lowest bearing capacity of soil in the region south of Nasiriyah was (57-94) kN/m2, and the highest a bearing capacity the eastern region of Nasiriyah was (290) kN/m2, while in the northern region was (94-124) kN/m2. For the correlations between soil parameters, the correlation between c and φ° is positive and medium. This relationship was based on 75 test boreholes at an Al-Gharf oil-producing facility. However, the value of the angle of friction in most other Nasiriyah projects approaches zero and is occasionally ignored. To create a reliable design, the average values of soil parameters are not enough, and the number of data and the variance of the site must be taken into account. In a Bayesian analysis of typical soil parameters, the ordinary, normal distribution (OND) method produced results similar to those of the bivariate normal (BV) method, with a marginal difference due to covariance. The maximum posterior density (MPD) technique presupposes that the bivariate posterior probability distribution is expected in approach Bayesian, the process of MPD outcomes are comparable to those of the analytic solution. The kriging method produces more precise results, forecasting data in the preliminary design and making prior data. It's used in a Bayesian approach to provide the final design within an accurate, dependable, and economically distinct value.

Abstract Background: Although Polymerase-chain- reaction is the gold standard for verifying infection, chest Computed tomography has been demonstrated to be more sensitive for the detection Coronavirus Disease -19, Ground glass opacities, consolidation, or both. Computed tomography findings after a one year linked with continuous symptoms after primary mild- moderate Covid-19 infection. Aim of the study: This study investigated the chest Computed tomography findings after 12 months of follow-up in patients with persistent respiratory symptoms from previous mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infections to evaluate the association of these symptoms with Computed tomography findings. Patients and method : This is an observational, cross-sectional study conducted on 150 patients, 93 males and 57 females, aged between 20 and 75 years, who attended the medical Consultation Clinic in Al-Hussien Teaching Hospital during the period from march 2023 to January 2024 in Al Nasiriyah City, Thi-Qar Province, Iraq. All patients had persistent COVID-19 symptoms following an initial mild or moderate illness. Results: Most of the patients in this study were male (62%), aged between 51 and 75 years (66.67%), whose healthy weight (59.33%), high education level (68.67%), and non-smokers (78.67%). Most of the patients had dry cough (52.67%), and dyspnea (63.33%), while most of them did not have chest pain (63.67%). Most of the patients had normal chest Computed tomography findings (58.67%), and only 41.33% had abnormal chest computed tomography findings, {distributed as unilateral and bilateral findings (16.67% and 24.67%, respectively)}, 17.33% of patients had interlobular septal thickening; 20% has ground glass opacities ; 12.67% had fibrotic-like changes; 7.33% had reticulation; 4% had consolidation; 7.3% had honeycombing; and 4% had bronchiectasis. Conclusion: About 41.33% of post- COVID-19 patient who initially had a mild or moderate disease established noticeable abnormalities in their chest computed tomography 12 months after the infection. The presence of persistent respiratory symptoms, especially cough, and chest pain, was found to be associated with various chest Computed Tomography finding. Key Words: Chest Computed Tomography, Mild – Moderate Covid-19 Infection, Persistent Respiratory Symptoms.

Abstracts Background: the incidence of Ureterolithiasis is approximatly (11%) of men and (7%) of women. The helical Computed tomography is consider now the [gold standard] for diagnosis of both renal and ureteric calculi. Reducing of the charge from (199 to 75 mA) lead to comparable detection of stone while reducing radiation exposure. Aim of the study: This study conducted a comparison between low and standard doses of Computed tomography technology in the diagnosis of ureterolithiasis. Patients and method: This is an observational, and prospective study conducted on 120 patients, 72 males and 48 females, aged between 19 and 50 years who attended the kidney and urinary tract Diseases Consultation Clinic in Al-Hussien Teaching Hospital during the period extending from June 2023 to January 2024 in Al Nasiriyah City, Thi-Qar Province, Iraq. All patients suffered from ureterolithiasis and who underwent both Standard –dose Computed tomography [SDCT] and Low-dose Computed tomography [LDCT], respectively in the same day, was performed via Revolution EVO, GE Healthcare, Japan, without intravenous or oral contrast. Results: The mean age of patients in this study was 30.8±9.42 years, the mean weight of patients was 81.03±11.11 kg, the mean height was 164.97±7.82 cm, and lastly, the mean Body Mass Index[BMI] was 29.89±4.59 kg/m2. Most of the patients in this study had only one stone (50%), 60% of those had stones at the distal ureter, 19% at the mid ureter, and 21% at the proximal ureter, most of the patients had stones on the left side of the body (67%). There was highly significant difference in Total Effective Dose between both protocols, it was 13.39 ± 1.04 mSv in SDCT compared to 1.34 ± 0.44 mSv in LDCT, with a p-value less than 0.001. Conclusion: A significantly decreased dosage index protocol could be a viable substitute for Standard-dose Computed tomography [SDCT] for evaluating suspected stones, especially in younger patients who are improbable to have other medical conditions and who need follow up.

Every location on Earth receives an amount of sunlight throughout the year, but the amount of solar radiation that a spot receives varies from place to place on the Earth's surface. This amount is called "solar radiation", which is also known as "photoelectric radiation"; It is emitted by the sun in the form of light that is captured by solar energy technologies, and converted into useful forms of energy. In this study, solar energy accounts were found for three regions around the world, which are "Nasiriyah, Greenwich, Kampala", and then compared the results and reached the best possible result for benefiting from solar energy. The reason for choosing these places is that the city of "Nasiriya" is the place for this study, and "Greenwich" is located in the northern region of the globe, while "Kampala" is located on the equator. The geographical location, the angles of inclination of the solar radiation and the angles of the inclination of the receiving solar collector to the sun were taken into account for three times during a day in each month throughout the year, in addition to the ground reflectivity coefficient. The total collected solar energy was extracted from direct, dispersed and reflected energy through their own laws. Some other factors were excluded from the calculations such as clouds, humidity, dust and smoke, and the results showed that it is wrong to take the angle of inclination of the solar collector as the same as the latitude angle, and using this method to find solar energy calculations may differ slightly from the actual results for all cities.

During the last few decades, many studies have been conducted to assess the shear performance of steel fiber RC beams. However, most of the previous works have not taken into account the effect corrosion of main steel on the shear behavior of RC beams incorporated with corroded and non-corroded steel fibers (SF). In this research, the corrosion effect on the shear behavior of steel fiber RC beam has been studied experimentally and numerically. The experimental program includes the test of nineteen beam specimens with dimensions of 100 x 150 x 1300 mm to evaluate the shear behavior of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams exposed to corrosion. The tensile reinforcement of the specimens was subjected to 7% and 20% corrosion rates. Volume fractions of steel fibers of 0.8%, 1.2%, and 1.8% were added to the concrete mixes. Four beams were the referenced RC beam with and without shear reinforcement. Two of these beams which without stirrups exposed to 7% and 20% corrosion process. The other three beams without stirrups contained 0.8%, 1.2%, and 1.8% steel fiber did not exposed to corrosion process. While, six beams have contained the same three volume fraction of non-corroded steel fiber subjected to 7% and 20% corrosion, another six beams were mixed with pre-corroded steel fibers at a corrosion rate of 50% to investigate the hybrid effect of the longitudinal reinforcement and steel fiber corrosion on shear performance. The analysis of results was focused on the shear capacity, crack initiation and propagation due to corrosion, mode of failure and midspan deflection. It was noticed experimentally that the shear capacity of the non-corroded SFRC beams increased by about 68%, 72%, and 82% for the 0.8%, 1.2%, and 1.8% volume fractions of steel fiber, respectively, compared to RC beams without fiber. Also, the mode of failure was changed from brittle shear failure to flexure-shear or flexure failure for SFRC beams. The improvement of the shear behavior increased with the increase of volumetric ratio of steel fibers. The corrosion in the tensile reinforcement of the beams reduced the load carrying capacity of RC beams by 6%-8% for the corrosion rates of 7% and 20%, respectively. The corrosion also reduced the load carrying capacity of SFRC beams by 10%-22%. Furthermore, both the corroded steel fibers and corroded bars reduced the loads by 6%-37%. A computer system program (ABAQUS 6.14) was used to develop a finite element model for the analysis of the RC and SFRC beams with and without corrosion effect. The proposed model was validated by using the results of experimental study of RC and SFRC beams of this study. It was found that there is a good convergence between experimental and numerical results. The maximum difference in ultimate shear capacity between the numerical and experimental results was 5%. The simulated model results showed a clear positive effect of the use of the SFs in the RC beams by reducing the deterioration when subjected to corrosion compared to the reference beam. Finally, it can be concluded that SF can enhance the shear performance of the beams even in a harsh environment.

Cloud computing is an emerging computing technology that uses the internet and central remote services to maintain data and application which are provisioned on-demand and on pay-as-you-go basis. Wide adaptation of Cloud concepts has increased number of data centers worldwide resulting into significant amounts of power consumption by data centers which affects environment and economical aspects. Through virtualization, multiple virtual machines (VM) can be deployed onto one physical machine (PM). These VMs hold and execute the Cloud workload. An existing problem is how to allocate Virtual Machines (VMs) to Physical Machines (PMs) or hosts. This process is called VM placement. The decision on which physical machines (PM) to place each virtual machine (VM) is very important for the efficient cloud operation. On one hand, it is important that VMs obtain adequate resources (e.g., CPU, memory, and network) from the hosting PM so that its performance is not impaired. On the other hand, the cloud operator would like to consolidate VMs on as few PMs as possible to maximize resource utilization and lower energy consumption. Efficient VM placement is like the vector bin packing problem, which is known to be NP-hard. Effective physical machine allocation of VMs will lead to better use of resources and energy savings. In this study, the main goal is to provide an improved Policy on energy efficient VM placement to minimize energy consumption in the cloud environment. Placing the VMs in the addressed Bin-Packing mechanism and retaining the Service Level Agreement (SLA) between the provider and the cloud customer .Significant reduction in power consumption could even be made if reduction are implemented at software level. Energy-aware scheduling processes produces excellent performance by implementing Bin-packing energy efficiency mechanisms. The proposed algorithm has been enhanced for the two First Fit Decreasing (FFD( and Best Fit Decreasing) BFD( algorithms, which are considered the best among Bin packing algorithms. The enhanced algorithm adopts server power as the basis for arranging servers in the database, unlike the BFD, FFD algorithms that arrange servers according to their CPU. The purpose is to minimize the number of active servers without affecting the service level agreement The proposed algorithm has been practically tried using MATLAB 2020 programing language for samples of heterogeneous servers and virtual machines (each server and virtual machine has its own specifications for storage, processing unit, bandwidth, etc and different from the others ), whose specifications were chosen randomly. The proposed algorithm could decrease significantly energy consumption and resources utilization in comparison with the existing algorithms (FFD, BFD).

Summary Despite recent developments in sterilization techniques surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a cause of morbidity and mortality in poor countries. Therefore the present study presented the antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria isolated from wound infections which produce Carbapenemases alone and synergistically. Three hundred samples were collected from wound patients such as diabetic foot patients and general surgeries from Al-Hussein Teaching, Nasiriya Teaching and Al-Haboubi Teaching Hospitals in Thi Qar Governorate for the period from September - December 2023. All sample were culture on MacConkey and blood agar then identified b morphology methods (culture character, Gram stain, biochemical test, API 20 E).The results showed 90% presence of sixteen bacterial isolates of K. pneumoniae Statistical and descriptive analysis was performed using Chi-square and the rates of susceptibility to resistance varied through the use of four types of carpenems and one type of cephalosporin. Testing for antibiotic susceptibility was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion.The rate of susceptibility to resistance to meropenem was lower (37.5%) While the rate of synergistic resistance was lower to meropenem with Imipenem, Doripenem, and cefepime (43.7%) the exception of Ertapenem the resistance rate was higher (43.7%) in combination with meropenem .As for Imipenem the rate of susceptibility to resistance was lower (43.7%) Synergistically the resistance rate was lower for Imipenem while synergistically the resistance rate was lower for cefepime, Ertapenem and Doripenem (29.4%), (31.2%), (37.5%). While resistance to Ertapenem was higher than Doripenem (56.3%) and (43.8%) synergistically the resistance rate was lower for Ertapenem with Doripenem (31.2%). While the rate of resistance to susceptibility to cefepime was higher was

The main objective of this study was to determine the actual this disease, as well as to study the direct impact of its risk factors such as diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, obesity, family history, number of family members living as a closed family, and risk factors among male and female herpes zoster patients compared to the control group of people , and to evaluate the association between herpes zoster infection and these different risk factors. A total of 100 people , 50 patients and 50 control, males and females with an age range of above than 10 to 80 years then all questionnaire data (age, gender, residency, immunosuppression, physical stress, psychological, gender, previous history of covid-19, Blood groups, previous history of chronic diseases, such as cardiac heart disease, stroke, diabetes) were collected. Also, the additional data like occupation, lipid profile, site of lesion, waist circumference . Herpes zoster or shingles were primarily diagnosed depending on the clinical symptoms characterized by the appearance of skin vesicles on one side of the body, which were distributed in different areas according to site of the dermatome, smears were taken from these vesicles for all patients identified by a typical laboratory method and the work of the Tzancksmear stain, which showed a positive result. In addition, these vesicles fluids samples were used for the purpose of extracting the DNA of the herpes zoster virus using the viral DNA extraction kit and then detecting the presence of the extracted DNA through gel electrophoresis as well as measuring the concentration and purity of the extracted DNA. Then the extracted DNA samples were used to examine the polymerase chain reaction and all these samples gave positive results through relay screening test (Gel electrophoresis). Also, serum samples were taken from all patients, glucose levels and lipid profile tests were estimated , the results were compared with what is found to the control group . Through the results of the number of cases infected with herpes zoster, it appeared that there was also an increase in the level of infection among males compared to females. Furthermore, according to age, that the highest incidence of (16-22%) the incidence of infection in the age groups from 50-70 years, whether in females or males, which are the age groups most vulnerable to infection according to the results, that there are risk factors that help in a high rate of viral disease, such as factors of physical and psychological stress and hard work because of their negative impact on the level of immunity in the body. The results also showed a statistically significant differences in the level of blood glucose (P ≤ 0.05) in patients with herpes zoster, in both female and male patients compared to the level of sugar recorded in the control group.Also, results indicated a significant difference (P≤0.05) of VLDL in male patients only, compared to the control group (P≤0.05), while there was no significant difference of the level of LDL, TG, TC , on the other hand, there was no significant differences of in VLDL, HDL, LDL, TG, and TC in female patients and control.

The microspore parasite is one of the causes of diarrhea and abdominal pain, as well as weight loss in cancer patients. The risk of infection with the microspore parasite, when it occurs, lies in immunocompromised persons, such as people with acquired immunodeficiency virus, and people who have undergone the replacement of vital organs such as the heart, liver or one of the kidneys, as well as infection with various types of malignant tumors (cancer). These patients suffer from a clear deficiency of immunity, which allows some types of opportunistic parasites, including the microsporidia parasite, to multiply in large numbers, which results in the development of the pathogenesis of the parasite and the emergence of symptoms that are usually not present in immune healthy people. Due to the importance of this disease and the increasing incidence of it in the world, many studies have been conducted that aim to determine the percentage of infection with the parasite and reach the identification and registration of new species using various diagnostic methods. In Iraq, studies on this parasite were very few and not parallel to its importance. The current study is the first in Dhi Qar Governorate, and its goal is to diagnose the microsporidia parasite in patients with cancerous tumors in Dhi Qar Governorate. The study included the different regions of Dhi Qar Governorate, where stool samples were collected from cancerous tumor patients suffering from diarrhea cases in the period from October 2020 to March 2021. 120 stool samples were collected from patients of different ages and both sexes, they were examined by light microscope to diagnose intestinal parasites in the postgraduate laboratory in the Department of Medical Microbiology at the Faculty of Medicine. Then the samples were dyed with different dyes, including Ziehl - Neelsen dye, and the results of the microscopic examination showed a low infection rate of 40 (33.3%), compared with the specialized dye for the parasite. 69.1%). It was found that there are statistically significant differences in the incidence rates according to gender, age and residence. Most of the injuries were 70 (73.6%) females than males 13 (52%), while the injuries in rural communities were 63 (75.9%) more. Of urban 20 (24%), the highest rate of infection is in the age group (70-79) 8 (80%), and the lowest rate is in the age group (40-49) 14 (53.8%). 83 pre-diagnosed samples were examined by microscopy by polymerase chain reaction in order to reach the diagnosis of the types of parasite microspores. The results of positive samples for the parasite showed 15 (18%) and 68 (81.9%) negative samples through which Encephalitozoonis intestinalis was recorded for the first time from patients with various types of cancer in Dhi Qar Governorate.

Nasal infections are significant diseases that are caused by opportunistic pathogens (such as ; Staphylococcus aureus and Candida species). This study was aimed to determine the Candida genotypes that pose co-infection with S. aureus in nasal infections. A total of 88 nasal swab samples were collected during the period from December 2020 and March 2021 , from patients suffered from nasal infections. The patients were in various ages (1-80) years. All samples were cultured immediately after being sent to the laboratory on Blood agar , MacConkey agar, mannitol agar and Sabouraud agar. Bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical tests , API-20 and automated Method (VITEK 2 Compact) . Candida isolates were identified by chromogenic agar , and germ tube test , and the molecular detection assay using ITS 1 , 4 primers. Staphylococcus species was positive in 21 samples , while Candida species was positive in 20 samples from the total samples (88 samples). The results showed that the percentage of S. aureus was the most prevalent with 8 isolate (38.10%) , followed by S. warneri with 5 isolate (23.81%) , S. lugdunensis with 3 isolate (14.29%). The lowest isolated species were S. xylosus , S. equorum , S. capitis ,S. hymolyticus and S. saprophyticus. All of them were isolated with 1 isolate (4.76%). The results of Candida identification that had been obtained from blast tools in NCBI (GenBank) have shown that 5 isolate (25%) of C. parapsilosis, 5 isolate (25%) of C. zeylanoides, 4 isolate (20%) of C. orthopsilosis , 2 isolate (10%) of C. albicans and the lowest percentage is C. glabrata , Clavispora lusitaniae , Debaryomyces hansenii and Filobasidium oeirense in the rate 1 isolate (5%). The evolutionary relationships of Candida isolates were shown as UPGMA phylogenetic tree. The genotyping of Candida species was done using ITS gene (ITS1- ITS4). There were specific genotypes associated with S. aureus in nasal infections. The relationship between S. aureus and yeast species was studied through the presence of S. aureus and yeast species in the same sample. Candida parapsilosis , Candida orthopsilosis and Filobasidium oeirense were detected (50%) with S. aureus in same sample.